基于GA-GWO算法的電動汽車有序充放電兩階段優化策略
閆麗梅1,王登銀1,洪益民1,劉繼翔2
(1 東北石油大學 電氣信息工程學院,黑龍江 大慶 163318;
2 國網河南省電力公司新縣供電公司,河南 新縣 465550)
摘 要:電動汽車(EV)聚集性無序充電會對電力系統的安全與穩定性運行產生不良影響??紤]電網側的調峰需求和 EV 用戶的充電需求及充電成本,在基于分時電價的基礎上,提出最小臨界電量對 EV 向電網進行饋電進行限制,并給出一種基于最小臨界電量的兩階段有序充放電控制策略,以 EV 用戶充電費用最小與電網負荷波動最小為目標,建立 EV 充放電優化模型。利用遺傳-灰狼優化算法(GA-GWO)對 EV 的充放電行為進行優化,采用蒙特卡洛法模擬某居民區 450 輛 EV 的充電需求,與其他充電策略在不同滲透率的場景下進行了對比仿真,結果表明,所提出充放電優化策略能起到降低負荷方差以及削峰填谷作用,且隨著參與調度的電動汽車數量增多,優化效果更明顯。
關鍵詞: 電動汽車;分時電價;最小臨界電量;兩階段有序充放電;遺傳- 灰狼優化算法
中圖分類號:TM734 ;U469.72 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1007-3175(2025)02-0024-08
A Two-Stage Optimization Strategy for Orderly Charging and Discharging of
Electric Vehicles Based on GA-GWO Algorithm
YAN Li-mei1, WANG Deng-yin1, HONG Yi-min1, LIU Ji-xiang2
(1 School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;
2 Xinxian Power Supply Company of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Xinxian 465550, China)
Abstract: Aggregate disordered charging of electric vehicles (EV) can adversely affect the safe and stable operation of power systems.Considering the peak shaving demand on the grid side, the charging demand and charging cost of EV users, the minimum critical amount is proposed to limit the feeding of EV to the grid based on the time-of-use tariff. A two-stage orderly charging and discharging control strategy based on the minimum critical power is proposed, and an EV charging and discharging optimization model is established with the goal of minimizing the charging cost of EV users and minimizing the fluctuation of grid load. The genetic algorithm-gray wolf (GA-GWO) was used to optimize the charging and discharging behavior of EV, and the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the charging demand of 450 EV in a residential area, and the simulation was compared with other charging strategies in different penetration scenarios. The results show that the proposed charging and discharging optimization strategy can reduce the load variance and peak shaving and valley filling, and the optimization effect is more obvious with the increase of the number of electric vehicles participating in the scheduling.
Key words: electric vehicle; time-of-use tariff; minimum critical power; two-stage orderly charging and discharging; genetic algorithm-gray wolf
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